States and Capitals
States and Capitals: India is the 7th largest and the 2nd most populous country in the world. With a total of 28 states and 8 Union Territories, it forms a union of states in India. Each state of India has an administrative, legislative and judicial capital some state all three functions are conducted in one capital. Every state is ruled by a Chief Minister. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950.
Indian States and Capitals
India is a union of states and in the states, the Governor, as the representative of the President, is the head of Executive. The system of state government closely resembles that of the Union. The boundaries of Indian states are reorganized on a linguistic basis by the States Reorganization Act, 1956. Union Territories are administered by the President through an Administrator appointed by him/her. Each State/UT of India has its unique demography, history and culture, language, dress, festivals, etc. This article will answer all your questions and clear all your doubts related to the states and capitals of India.
List of States and Capitals
Here is the list of the Indian States and capitals that every Indian must know:
| S.no | State Name | Capital | Founded on |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad (Proposed Capital Amaravati) | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | 20 Feb. 1987 |
| 3 | Assam | Dispur | 26 Jan. 1950 |
| 4 | Bihar | Patna | 26 Jan. 1950 |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | Raipur | 1 Nov. 2000 |
| 6 | Goa | Panaji | 30 May. 1987 |
| 7 | Gujarat | Gandhinagar | 1 May. 1960 |
| 8 | Haryana | Chandigarh | 1 Nov. 1966 |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | 25 Jan. 1971 |
| 10 | Jharkhand | Ranchi | 15 Nov. 2000 |
| 11 | Karnataka | Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 12 | Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 13 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 14 | Maharashtra | Mumbai | 1 May. 1960 |
| 15 | Manipur | Imphal | 21 Jan. 1972 |
| 16 | Meghalaya | Shillong | 21 Jan. 1972 |
| 17 | Mizoram | Aizawl | 20 Feb. 1987 |
| 18 | Nagaland | Kohima | 1 Dec. 1963 |
| 19 | Odisha | Bhubaneswar | 26 Jan. 1950 |
| 20 | Punjab | Chandigarh | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 21 | Rajasthan | Jaipur | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| 22 | Sikkim | Gangtok | 16 May. 1975 |
| 23 | Tamil Nadu | Chennai | 26 Jan. 1950 |
| 24 | Telangana | Hyderabad | 2 Jun. 2014 |
| 25 | Tripura | Agartala | 21 Jan. 1972 |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | 26 Jan. 1950 |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun (Winter) Gairsain (Summer) |
9 Nov. 2000 |
| 28 | West Bengal | Kolkata | 1 Nov. 1956 |
How Many States in India?
As of January 2023, there are total 28 states in India and 8 Union Territories. Union Territories are administered by the President through the administrators that are appointed. Hon’ble President of India is the constitutional head of Executive of the Union. Each state has its own chief ministers formulating the policies required to run the state.
States and Capitals of India 2023 in Hindi
What is a State?
Each state of India has an administrative, legislative and judicial capital some states all three functions are conducted in one capital. It is a territory that has its own Chief Minister. A state has its own separate government. Functions of the state are handled by the State Government such as security, healthcare, governance, revenue generation, etc.
List of Prime Minister of India
What is a Union Territory?
A Union Territory is an administrative division that is directly controlled by the Central Government. Union Territories are ruled directly by the Central Government and have a Lieutenant Governor as an administrator, who is the representative of the President of India and is appointed by the Central government.
Note: Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir do not operate in the same manner as the other five Union Territories of India since they have partial statehood status and have their own elected legislative assemblies.
8 Union Territories of India
There are a total of 8 Union territories of India. Here is the list of Union Territories of India and their capitals:
| Union territories | Capital | Founded on |
|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Port Blair | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh | 1 Nov. 1966 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli, | Daman | 26 Jan. 2020 |
| Delhi | New Delhi | 9 May. 1905 |
| Lakshadweep | Kavaratti | 1 Nov. 1956 |
| Puducherry | Pondicherry | 1 Nov. 1954 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) |
31 Oct 2019 |
| Ladakh | Leh | 31 Oct 2019 |
Difference Between State and Union Territories
| State | Union Territories |
| The state has its own administrative units with its own elected government. | Union Territories are constituent units that are controlled and administered by the Central Government. |
| The executive Head is the Governor | The executive Head is the President |
| The relationship with the Centre is Federal. | Unitary with the Centre. i.e. all the powers rest in the hands of the Union. |
| Administered by the Chief Minister and elected by the people. | Administered by the Administrator which is appointed by the President. ( except Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir) |
| Chief Minister is the real head. | The Lieutenant is the real head. |
History of States and Capitals of India
India is a sovereign, secular, democratic, republic country with a parliamentary system of government. India gained its independence on 15th August 1947. It is a land of rich cultural heritage and natural beauty. The states and Capitals of India are the basis of its linguistic, cultural, and geographical demarcation. Every state and union territory in India has an administrative, legislative, and judicial capital of its own. After independence, it comprised 2 political units namely the British Provinces and the Princely States. The partition between India and Pakistan gave three options to the princely states:
- Joining India
- Joining Pakistan
- Remaining independent
Out of the 552 princely states situated within India, 549 joined India and the remaining 3 refused to join India. However, they also integrated later. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and it was implemented on 26 January 1950. The boundaries of the states of India are reorganized on a linguistic basis by the States Reorganization Act, 1956.
Indian States and Capitals: UT Updates
Check out the recent updates on UTs as of July 2020.
-
Since 26th January 2020, India has had 8 union territories. The U.T Daman and Diu, Dadra, and Nagar Haveli have become a single union territory.
- On August 5, the central government also announced the abrogation of the special status given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and its division into two Union Territories i.e. UTs of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh.
-
With the merger of Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli, the number of UUT shave come down to eight.
States and Capitals of India: Articles in the Constitution
Articles 1 to 4 under Part 1 of the constitution describe India and its territories.
- Article 1 describes India as the “Union of States” and not the “Federation of states” The names of states and their territories are mentioned in the first schedule of the constitution.
- Article 2 permits the parliament to ‘admit into the Union of India or establish new states on such terms as it thinks fit.’ Hence, it gives power to parliament to establish new states.
- Article 3 authorizes the parliament to-
a) form a new state by separation of territory
b) increase the area of the state
c) diminish the area of any state
d) alter the boundary of any state
e) alter the name of any state
List of the Indian States and their CMs and Governors
| S.No. | State | CM | Governor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | YS Jagan Mohan Reddy | Biswa Bhusan Harichandan |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Pema Khandu | B. D. Mishra |
| 3 | Assam | Himanta Biswa Sarma | Jagdish Mukhi |
| 4 | Bihar | Nitish Kumar | Phagu Chauhan |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | Bhupesh Baghel | Anusuiya Uikey |
| 6 | Goa | Pramod Sawant | P. S. Sreedharan Pillai |
| 7 | Gujarat | Vijaybhai R. Rupani | Acharya Dev Vrat |
| 8 | Haryana | Manohar Lal | Bandaru Dattatreya |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | Jairam Thakur | Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar |
| 10 | Jharkhand | Hemant Soren | Ramesh Bais |
| 11 | Karnataka | Basavaraj Bommai | Thawarchand Gehlot |
| 12 | Kerala | Pinarayi Vijayan | Arif Mohammed Khan |
| 13 | Madhya Pradesh | Shivraj Singh Chouhan | Mangubhai C. Patel |
| 14 | Maharashtra | Eknath Shinde | Bhagat Singh Koshyari |
| 15 | Manipur | N. Biren Singh | La Ganesan |
| 16 | Meghalaya | Conrad Kongkal Sangma | Satya Pal Malik |
| 17 | Mizoram | Pu Zoramthanga | Kambhampati Hari Babu (Designate) |
| 18 | Nagaland | Neiphiu Rio | Jagdish Mukhi |
| 19 | Odisha | Naveen Patnaik | Ganeshi Lal |
| 20 | Punjab | Bhagwant Singh Mann | Banwarilal Purohit |
| 21 | Rajasthan | Ashok Gehlot | Kalraj Mishra |
| 22 | Sikkim | P.S. Golay | Ganga Prasad |
| 23 | Tamil Nadu | M. K. Stalin | R. N. Ravi |
| 24 | Telangana | K Chandrasekhar Rao | Tamilisai Soundararajan |
| 25 | Tripura | Biplab Kumar Deb | Satyadev Narayan Arya |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | Yogi Aditya Nath | Anandiben Patel |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | Pushkar Singh Dhami | Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh |
| 28 | West Bengal | Mamata Banerjee | Jagdeep Dhankhar |
List of Union Territory with their Governors
|
Union Territory |
Governor |
|
Andaman & Nicobar |
D. K. Joshi (Lieutenant Governor) |
|
Chandigarh |
Banwarilal Purohit (Administrator) |
|
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu |
Shri Praful Patel (Administrator) |
|
Delhi (National capital Territory of Delhi) |
Shri Anil Baijal (Lieutenant Governor) Chief Minister: Arvind Kejriwal |
|
Jammu and Kashmir |
Shri Manoj Sinha (Lieutenant Governor) |
|
Lakshadweep |
Shri Praful Patel (Administrator) |
|
Puducherry |
Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan (Addl. Charge) (Lieutenant Governor) Chief Minister: N. Rangaswamy |
|
Ladakh |
Shri Radha Krishna Mathur (Lieutenant Governor) |
List of the Indian States and their Languages
| Sl.No. | States | Language |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Telugu and Urdu |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin, Adi, Honpa, Banging-Nishi |
| 3 | Assam | Assamese |
| 4 | Bihar | Hindi |
| 5 | Chattisgarh | Hindi |
| 6 | Goa | Marathi Konkani |
| 7 | Gujarat | Gujarati |
| 8 | Haryana | Hindi |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | Hindi and Pahari |
| 10 | Mizoram | Mizo and English |
| 11 | Jharkhand | Hindi |
| 12 | Karnataka | Kannada |
| 13 | Kerala | Malayalam |
| 14 | Madhya Pradesh | Hindi |
| 15 | Maharashtra | Marathi |
| 16 | Manipur | Manipuri |
| 17 | Meghalaya | Khashi, Jaintia, And Garo |
| 18 | Nagaland | Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, and Lotha |
| 19 | Odisha | Oriya |
| 20 | Punjab | Punjabi |
| 21 | Rajasthan | Rajasthani and Hindi |
| 22 | Sikkim | Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu |
| 23 | Tamil Nadu | Tamil |
| 24 | Tripura | Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak |
| 25 | Telangana | Telugu |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | Hindi |
| 27 | Uttrakhand | Hindi |
| 28 | West Bengal | Bengali |
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